The evolution of the national movement in Iraq before the departure of the opposition parties in public in 1946

Abstract

The establishment of the Iraqi state witnessed an activity of Iraqi intellectual leaders that extended until the emergence of the Second World War, which reflects the diversity of intellectual and ideological trends that were the product of the Arab Renaissance Movement, which affected the nature of those formations that took place later, knowing that this period appeared in two important roles the first: Since the promulgation of the Societies Act of 1922 and ending with the establishment of Parliament, during which public parties were established. As for the second: it was after the establishment of Parliament until the establishment of the Second World War, which directly affected the overall political process at that time, and also after that new parties emerged that were formed following the political process according to variables imposed by policy. Post World War II.

   This stage was affected by the emergence of political ideologies that passed and at the same time affected the formation of Iraqi ministries and it marks the beginning of a stage of political party activity that may be against the political process represented by the government while the Iraqis realized that it was related to the British presence in Iraq, so some considered it the reason for the delay in issuing the law of parties is The nature of the formation of political parties in Iraq, as they are mostly religious, sectarian, or ethnic parties, so their presence in this formation is contrary to law and democratic life and its values, in addition to the fact that some political parties receive external financing, which violates their independence and makes them easy to lead to regional parties or fall under The impact of its interests in Iraq, just as the outbreak of the First World War The British occupation of Iraq was a reason that Iraq witnessed the emergence of movements, gatherings and political parties founded and led by educated elites and well-known social figures at the time, and everyone's goal was to seek to end the British occupation and mandate and declare independence and build a modern state. These parties and movements achieved their demands during a period of ten years when Britain agreed to enter into political negotiations that ended with the signing of the 1930 treaty that opened the way for Iraq to obtain its independence and seat in the League of Nations in 1932