Syria's internal conditions and external relations During the era of Hosni al-Zaim from (March 30, 1949 - August 14, 1949)

Abstract

Syria is one of the first Arab countries to gain its independence from the French occupation in 1946, during which its people suffered a lot of persecution and suffering. After independence, Shukri al-Quwatli was chosen as President of the Syrian Republic. It lived in unstable conditions in all economic, social, political and military aspects, and as a result of that The conditions experienced by the Syrian people in general and its army and its leader in particular, especially after the Arab-Zionist war in 1948. Because of it, in addition to many reasons, the army and its commander, Hosni al-Zaim, were accused of many accusations, which led them to carry out their military coup in 1949, which led to al-Zaim’s control of power, which lasted from March 30 to August 14, 1949, during which he ruled Syria for approximately 137 days. During which he carried out several important internal and external works, some of which continued for several years despite the short period of his rule. In our research, we discussed the political situation since the French withdrawal from Syria and the formation of the Syrian Republic and the election of Shukri al-Quwatli as its president. However, this government failed in a bitter experience that befell Syria, namely the Palestinian Nakba of 1948, and the subsequent deteriorating conditions in the economic and social aspects that the Syrian people suffered from, as well as in the military aspect, as the army needed to update its weapons, training, and other things. The army was shocked by the position of the authorities, as a number of them were referred to retirement and described as the cause of the Palestinian Nakba, for their failure to perform their duties, in addition to the accusations directed at the army commander of conspiring against him, as a result of the ghee scandal and other accusations directed at them, especially by Faisal al-Asali.