Application of Cementitious and Epistemological Sciences to the Hadith of Hisham bin Al-Hakam

Abstract

This research deals with the study of the theory of semantic fields to search for the word application (mind) in the Holy Quran and monitor the lexical units that are semantically connected to it according to its Quranic context, then collect these units and arrange them in sub-semantic fields, to reveal the relationships and points of agreement and difference between those units, and their relationship to the main word, because the meaning of words and expressions does not appear except through some other words related to them semantically, and the interest in this topic is due to the importance of the mind as a tool of thinking and reason, because the Quranic text is full of verses that urge contemplation and the use of the mind, and the research attempts to answer a number of questions such as: What are the lexical units that express the components (components) of the mind? Is there a synonym between some words and the word (mind)? What are the lexical units that express the qualities of the mind? And what are the lexical units that express its diseases? To achieve these goals and answer these questions, it was necessary to use the method in them, and describe it numerically through tables to show the size of the semantic relationship between this word and other words, so that the research ends with a conclusion that includes the most important results that were reached.

            Sufficient knowledge of the topic of discussion and sufficient mastery of the sources is a necessary part of the discussion, as there is a main difference between scientific debate to obtain correct knowledge and fallacy, the more correct and certain and clear the materials used in the argument, the more solid and stable the result.

            Hisham Ibn Hakam always sees with his critical opinion or is a strong critic who sees the errors in the words of opponents and their claims and reveals the secret of their fallacies, in the eye of caring for the principles of scientific ethics and from the perspective of good without hostility and ignoring, determines the location of the error and reveals the truth to them. A word acquires a special meaning through its positioning in the context of the text, which qualifies it to enter a semantic field that accommodates this meaning, such as the word (sight) which came in multiple contexts to indicate the word (mind), while it can indicate in another context (the sense of sight), which confirms the possibility of the lexical unit entering through semantic transition into more than one semantic field according to the contexts if it is from the polysemy homonym, but if it is from the homonymy homonym, then each word will be treated in an independent semantic field.