The problem of science and religion in social theory (An analytical study of the views of Pareto - Weber - Durkheim)

Abstract

This research expresses an analytical view of a crucial stage in the history of European societies, namely the second half of the nineteenth century, in which the beginning of the transformations and the accompanying problems that put society on the brink of collapse appeared. The status of sociology extended in two directions:First: (partial) Micro, social research relies on finding solutions to those problems that some scientists see as a result of the problem of science and religion, after religion was subjected to violent tremors in front of scientific inventions.The second: (Expanded) Macro, concerned with the theoretical construction of sociology away from these transformational throes that society is going through.The French philosopher and sociologist Raymond Aron (1905-1983) tried to combine these two trends with the aim of identifying the ability of social scientists to employ the data of this science to rid European society of the state of contradiction and loss of stability and social cohesion. In confirmation of this, he chose three pioneers of sociology, in whose opinions he found the link between the research generation and the theoretical generation, in addition to that they lived through the events of that period and realized that the root of the problems was due to the negative attitude of the clergy towards the scientific achievements achieved; So their goal was to achieve the lost stability by finding solutions to this problem, and these scientists are F.Pareto (1923-1848), Max Weber (1864-1920) and Durkheim (1917-1920). 1858).