The effect of the stability of the stucco decorations of samara on the stucco decoration of the late abbaside A comparative study with the stucco decorations in the city of Balad Eski Mosul (Models from the Iraqi Museum )

Abstract

Plaster is one of the materials that man has used since ancient times to clad walls and decorate them with ornaments due to the characteristic of this material of pure whiteness that attracts attention with the ease of obtaining it from nature at the lowest cost. In the palaces and houses of Samarra, we appeared in the houses and palaces of Samarra. During the Islamic era, thanks to the decorative spirit that characterized Islamic arts, stucco decorations reached a great artistic level that almost rivaled the status of other ceramics. The stucco decorations witnessed a great leap during the construction of the new Abbasid capital, Samarra, because the great speed with which the Caliph Al-Mu`tasim Billah wanted to complete the construction and decoration works in it. Casting in the mold that the prevailing decorative elements in all of them are intertwined geometric elements and plant motifs representing leaves, fruits, half-palm fans and grape clusters. Engraving on plaster, as these artistic styles left a clear impact in the later ages. I was able to trace the emergence of these styles and study their development and the most prominent influences they left in the decorations executed in the late Abbasid era. The facades of the mihrabs are decorated in mosques. The artist relied in most cases on the decorative elements in the era of Samarra and used them on the decorations that were made. Its implementation, as the artist relied on the same artistic method in implementing the decorations on the plaster, which is vertical drilling and casting in the mold. Influenced by the second style, the palm leaf fan is centered on nature, and it is the third style style.