The position of the Rightly-Guided Caliphate on the invasion of the sea

Abstract

The research aims to show the opinion of the Islamic Caliphate, who directed the Levant Muawiyah bin Abi Sufyan towards the sea and its conquest, especially the opinion of Caliph Omar Ibn Al-Khattab and Caliph Othman Ibn Affan, who included the island of Cyprus as a base for the conquest of Constantinople, and an advanced defensive line for the coasts of Levant from the danger of the Byzantines, The study showed the opinion of the Caliph Omar Ibn Al-Khattab, who rejected all forms of risking the lives of Muslims, whether on land or at sea, and was satisfied with the victories achieved for Muslims, and taking the necessary measures to fortify the coasts and protect them from the enemy. Later, his position shifted from a rejectionist to a supporter, described by the study as conditional approval, after Muawiyah bin Abi Sufyan made it easy on the sea, so the Caliph Othman bin Affan, the governor of Syria, Muawiyah bin Abi Sufyan, ordered his wife to accompany him in the invasion to verify the validity of his claim. Also, the remarkable development of the Islamic navy, and the extent to which it benefited from the experience of shipbuilders in the Levant, and its reflection on the Islamic shipbuilding, and its contribution to the victories of Muslims in the Mediterranean, and demolishing the sites of the Byzantines. fortified, controllable; To achieve almost complete maritime sovereignty over the waters of the Mediterranean, the study also showed the role of wood in the raging conflict between Muslims and Byzantines, and each of them sought to control the forests producing ship masts, to cut off supplies that would sustain the shipbuilding industry, and then one of the parties to the conflict would control the Mediterranean In full, this is what the Byzantines sought; Because they are more experienced than Muslims in the manufacture of ships.