The effects of the Crusader economic siege on Egypt and the Levant during the Mamluk Circassian period (784 - 923 AH / 1382-1517)

Abstract

Our study sheds light on the social effects of the Crusader siege on Egypt during the reign of the Circassian Mamluks, which are more dangerous than the economic effects, and were even more deadly; Because it struck the values ​​and morals of the Egyptian and Levantine society, which are difficult to build for centuries, the Circassians' policy of obtaining funds to fill the empty treasury deficit, as a result of the military campaigns, and the lavishness and wastefulness of princes and sultans in entertainment and luxury, as well as neglecting agriculture and the weight of the farmer with taxes and confiscations, which in turn left the land and migrated to The city, this policy has generated serious social diseases and waste that threatened the Egyptian and Levantine society in all its categories. We find that the Egyptian society has suffered in many of them, as we find the spread of adultery among its circles, as well as drugs and homosexuality, as well as the widespread phenomenon of alcohol among people in general, as well as the deterioration of Pension status; Because of the scarcity of treasury resources, the life of luxury and amusement experienced by the Circassian kings, and the spread of the phenomenon of charlatans and magicians that people used to go to and predict them about their future, and all of this in order to earn money, even if it is illegally. All this and the Mamluks did not move the inhabitants as a result of the circumstances surrounding them, as their concern was to remain in the pyramid of power without regard to the suffering of the people.

Among its effects was also the deviation of the Egyptian and Levantine society from the values ​​and teachings of the true Islamic religion and the values ​​and customs of the Arab society, due to the permissibility of the Circassian Sultans who are forbidden in the Egyptian and Levantine society. , But this anointing is nothing but an external coating that concealed behind it a congenital residue and endemic malignant diseases that raise wonder and disgust, as well as the social diseases that afflicted Egypt and the Levant, including: moral corruption and false beliefs