Developments in American oil policy in the Arabian Gulf region (Kuwait, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia as a model until 1956 AD)

Abstract

The Arab Mashreq (East) holds a global significance in the eyes of intellectuals and researchers due to its strategic location, rich cultural history, and oversight of important waterways, which have been navigated by commercial ships both in ancient and modern times. It serves as a crossroads for trade routes and is home to some of the oldest civilizations. Its location, bridging the three continents of Europe, Asia, and Africa, coupled with its vast human resources and the largest oil reserves in the world, enhances its economic importance among major world powers, including the United States, especially during the period between the two World Wars. The region's significance in the eyes of American governments increased as they worked to diminish British and French influence in the Arab Mashreq, turning these countries into economically and politically weakened states after being exhausted by numerous colonies and wars. The United States played a role in undermining the colonial structures established by these countries in pursuit of monopolizing the region and filling the void before filled by others. This intention was manifested by President Harry Truman's warning when he stated, "The Arab Mashreq and the lower regions possess immense resources and include the easiest means of land, sea, and air communication. Therefore, they could become a focal point of conflict and competition among various competing foreign powers.

        During this period, the world witnessed many political events and developments that had a direct impact on the Arab Mashreq region. Among the most prominent changes were revolutions and uprisings that transformed the ruling systems in these countries, leading to their freedom and independence. In addition, some armed movements emerged in certain countries with the aim of changing the ruling regimes or acquiring specific rights and privileges, turning their areas into military arenas for the intervention of various countries. These events had significant repercussions on the region's states.