The Role of Hilla Parliaments for the Problems of Reforming Agricultural Lands (Saltiness) and Immigration from Countryside to City Centers in Iraqi Parliament Council through the Royal Era (1939-1958)

Abstract

The Agricultural aspects is one of the most important economical aspects in Iraq through the Royal Era (1921-1958), because the State depends on it in providing what people need from foods, tools, materials involved in trading and industry. In addition, the state benefits from it in sawing financial incomes, which result from exporting such things abroad.

Some agricultural problems in the country arise, such as the saltiness of lands and immigration of farmers. These problems attract the parliaments, including Hilla parliaments, who try to identify these problems, investigate them, and solve them. Their views and proposals inside the Iraqi Parliamentary Council are important and achieve in this respect. They also aim to improve the Iraqi Country.

Hilla parliaments investigate these two problems carefully. They found that farmers did not use the land correctly; such lands affected by flood every year. There are no enough dam on rivers nor resources waters nor partial streams to get the water of floods. The modern mechanical agricultural vehicles are not used due to weakness of the resources, in addition to capitalism which controls most of agricultural lands and prevents farmers from getting agricultural lands. Moreover, there are other reasons, which force the farmer to leave the work in country leaving to the city centers, especially Baghdad in accordance with some interests in the centers, such as getting an opportunity of work and housing, in contrast with the country.

Hilla parliaments were able to find some essential solutions for such problems and to prevent them in the Iraqi parliamentary government, including the distribution of agricultural lands on farmers even if they are fewer, the distribution of seeds among them, presenting financial helps for farmers, setting the resources of water to get rid of the problems of saltiness and flood, in addition to reforming the social aspects in providing the social services, such as hospitals, schools, houses and distributing them on people and as such they end on put an end for the problems of immigration of farmers to the city centers, to improve their lands.