Surah Al-Shams, a reading in the linguistic and moral dimension

Abstract

The topic of ethics is one of the topics that aroused the interest of researchers, both ancient and modern. Rather, their interest in it extends from the ancient culture represented by Greek philosophy, as Socrates in his philosophy showed interest in man and his behavior, and raised many problems in the ethical environment, which still preoccupy the minds of intellectuals until the present era. He wanted to build morals on the mind, and put its foundations on firm rules, and canceled the return of morality to an external authority, so he released his famous saying: (Virtue is science, and vice is ignorance).

           As for the Qur’an, it can be said that it is a moral book that calls for virtue in all its meanings, after man leads himself to the first source, which is God Almighty, and from this concept I started from one of the suras of the Holy Qur’an, which is Surat Al-Shams; To clarify the moral path that surrounds it that pushes to build a person as the venerable heavenly values wanted him, after showing him the ways that lead him to the higher ranks in which she chose to be, although the research came in a part of this surah, whose verses reached fifteen verses, so he took the research The special part in morals of these verses, which are the ten verses of them.                                       

            The research has shown that God created man according to the common sense, (the nature that God created people with) and guided him to the helpers, either thankful or unbelieving, and thanksgiving is achieved by self-recommendation, and avoiding the intrusion of its goodness and lofty deeds; Because the goal is to raise the value of man to the status that was the goal of his creation, so it became clear from the research that usury, for example, has a clear material increase represented by an increase in the amount given, but on the other hand it is considered a moral defect; It degrades a person's worth and value by committing a sin that came by exploiting the efforts of others without getting tired or making any effort. While the zakat is a material loss; It is a graduation of excess money, so it decreases its amount, but the Qur’an showed that it is of moral value by which a person succeeds and rises to a position in which he is intended to be. This appeared from the rooting of the    linguistic meanings that the Holy Qur’an came with in this meaning, although                                                                                                

The research was not satisfied with the opinion of the commentators, whether they were ancient, late or modern, but the science of ethics and psychology took a field in it. Because these two sciences have a clear impact that cannot be overlooked in clarifying the meaning of the verses, and the foreign sources had good additions that support what the interpreters and moralists can go to  .