The other, between harmony and contradiction, is a reading in the letter of Malik ibn al-Rayb

Abstract

Al- Akhar which means "the other" is the beginning of existential knowledge when humans acknowledged the existence of someone like him. The existence of one necessitates the existence of the other. The concept of the "other" has been a focal point of interest and contemplation since the very beginning and up to our current time. And discussing the "other" can be seen as a means of self-discovery and an exploration of the psychological, social, and cultural relationship between the self and the other. The nature of this relationship is reflected in creative literary works based on the duality of the "ego" and the "other" because the structural composition of poetic text represents the poet's stance and his visions of the other.

Hence, the study of the "other" in "Al-Yaiya", the poem that ends with E sound, of Malik ibnul Raib was necessary. In this study, we found an intensive presence of the "other." The study aimed to uncover the elements of the relationship between contrast and harmony at both the human and spatial levels, particularly concerning the poet's sense of estrangement and his psychological suffering, where death is intertwined with the pain of separation, longing, and yearning for his homeland and people.

The study began with an introduction that defined the concept of the "other." The first section delved into the "contrasting other," while the second section explored the "harmonious other." The study concluded with a summary of the key research findings.