Abdul Mohsen Al-Saadoun’s policy towards the British occupation in Iraq for the period 1922-1925. A historical study in light of Iraqi documents""

Abstract

It can be said that the period extending between 1922 and 1925 is the real stage in building the Iraqi state during the era of Abdul Mohsen Al-Saadoun’s first government, through which he was able to draw up a policy of Iraq’s foreseeable future in accordance with the protocols and treaties concluded between Iraq and Britain at a time when the British authority saw in Al-Saadoun the political figure. Which understood the policy and objectives of (Great Britain) after it listened carefully to the reports and messages of the British Reliance House in Baghdad. However, the most important political activities that Al-Saadoun practiced in the face of British policy when he assumed the Ministries of Justice and Interior, that he was nominated as Prime Minister of the Iraqi government, which is the true stage of building the Iraqi state. The Al-Saadoun government is the first government to pay great attention to the project of general elections for the Iraqi Constituent Assembly, which is the backbone in developing and drawing up the basic law of the modern Iraqi state. This is what the previous governments that ruled Iraq during the reign of King Faisal I could not achieve. Al-Saadoun's government succeeded in getting the Turkish government to comply by approving the Iraqi identity of Mosul, following the Second Lausanne Conference in Switzerland on April 23, 1923. Al-Saadoun was able to preserve national wealth through his chairmanship of the oil negotiations committee between Iraq and monopolistic companies such as the Anglo-Persian Oil Company and the Turkish Company. Al-Saadoun strove hard to convince the British High Commissioner, Sir Percy Cox, to return the national Iraqi political figures from their exile on Hingham Island and Iran, and their arrival to their homeland, Iraq, and in the forefront of them: Jaafar Abu Al-Taman, Mr. Muhammad Al-Sadr, Amin Al-Jarjafji, Sami Khawanda, Ibrahim Saleh Al-Omar, and others. Iraqi politicians. Al-Saadoun worked with all his efforts to sign the protocol held on April 30, 1923, which included the termination of the Iraqi-British treaty when Iraq became a permanent member of the Council of the League of Nations. Al-Saadoun worked to conclude the Muhammara Agreement between Iraq and Saudi Arabia to secure Iraq’s borders from repeated Wahhabi attacks on the country. Among the decisions The mission for the Al-Saadoun government was to approve the administrative inspection system, which stipulated the withdrawal of English advisors from the districts (provinces) to Baghdad.