Merchant Ships until of The end of The u mayyad era

Abstract

I wrote about merchant ships, until the end of the Umayyad era Reviewing, what was mentioned in the Holy Qur’an and the Prophet’s Hadith, some of what is related to the sea and its ships in the verses of the Holy Qur’an and the Noble Prophet’s Hadith.Then I quickly passed through the collection of Arab poetry, and I read some verses that talked about ships and their forms.Then I got into the heart of the topic, and wrote down about shipbuilding, their types, and parts, such as the hulls, their numbers in some ships, the sails and their sizes, and the names of the ships. I limited myself to a number of names, avoiding length, and their shapes. Some resemble some types of birds, and others resemble some fish. In terms of cargo, I touched on large ships carrying more than thousandstons, and carrying thousands of passengers, and with the services it provides to passengers, and in terms of speed, I tracked the time period that the ships traveled and divided it by the spatial distance, while not forgetting the importance of the wind, in the period of time, as well as the ships stopping for the purpose of shopping for passengers and merchants, and I completed the Some Roman ships; ship management; and the most prominent administrators such as the president, the captain, the oarsmen, and the transportation fees. It has become clear to me that ship wages, if calculated, according to the value of gold or the dollar, are sometimes in line with current prices; Although we tried to obtain more texts, we were fortunate enough to use birds and monkeys for some tasks. Which I mentioned in place, such as messages to trade for forests and for birds in special places, including information with low-income people, but for trained monkeys, it has been used in financial matters, especially in places of sailsI also referred to the state’s interest in maritime trade by strengthening its contribution and digging navigational channels, and mentioned the names of the most prominent employees who worked in maritime trade. And he made maritime trade free, as Omar bin Abdul Aziz attributed, and the role of Al-Muhtasib, In monitoring the shipbuilding industry, and what is related to maritime trade and ship employees, as well as the most important sea voyages, it devoted an entire paragraph to trade with China, and other topics, and I used many primary sources, such as Al-Baladhuri in the genealogies of the nobles in its many parts, as well as in the book “Lisan”. Al-Arab by Ibn Manzur, as well as travel books, geography books, and modern references related to the subject