Analysis of the Spatial Connectivity Efficiency of Iraqi Airports and Its Impact on Regional and International Air Connectivity

Abstract

This research analyzed the efficiency of Iraq's airport network and its interconnection at the regional and international levels. It aimed to measure the level of air connectivity at each airport and explain the variations observed between them. Data from 2023 was used, as it was the most complete for all airports. This data was then statistically analyzed using four variables: the number of flights, the number of destinations, flight frequency, and passenger volume, to determine connectivity levels. The results showed a significant gap, with Baghdad International Airport outperforming other airports in terms of international connectivity, while Kirkuk Airport exhibited the least connectivity. Airports are among the most significant transportation hubs to emerge alongside the advent of air travel—a development that began in the early 20th century as humanity realized its dream of utilizing the skies to reach destinations inaccessible by other modes of transport.

The study focuses on the year 2023, as it provides a complete dataset regarding aircraft and passenger traffic across Iraqi airports.

The study encompasses Iraqi airports distributed throughout the country: Baghdad, Basra, Erbil, Sulaymaniyah, Najaf, and Kirkuk.

The research employs a descriptive approach to outline the current state and characteristics of these airports, as well as to determine passenger volumes and aircraft traffic figures for each. Additionally, an analytical approach is used to examine statistical data and spatial relationships among the airports.