The grammatical movements of Al-Maqdisi in his two books, Al-Mufid fi Sharh Al-Qasid

Abstract

Imam Ibn Jabara al-Maqdisi was a pious, knowledgeable, and modest man, one of the best of people. He had a good grasp of grammar and readings. He studied jurisprudence and its principles, and traveled in pursuit of knowledge. Many scholars followed his path. His book, "Al-Mufid fi Sharh al-Qasid," was first written by the Imam, and it is a commentary on the poem "Hirz al-Amani wa Wajh al-Tahani," known as "Al-Shatibiyyah," by Imam al-Shatibi. In this research paper, I sought to shed light on the diacritical marks in the Arabic language, which are fatha, damma, kasra, and sukoon. These marks are used to determine the grammatical state of a word (nominative, accusative, genitive, jussive) and to change its meaning. The meaning of the diacritical marks was defined, along with the opinions of grammarians such as Sibawayh, al-Khalil ibn Ahmad, and others. This opinion was then applied to al-Maqdisi's opinion in his book "Al-Mufid fi Sharh al-Qasid." These diacritical marks are explained and applied to the verses of the poem, which helps in understanding its meanings and comprehending the poem more deeply. Then Al-Maqdisi’s statement on the answer to the condition and the extent of its agreement with the answer to the condition on the assumption of precedence according to Sibawayh and Ibn Jinni.