The Rational Approach of Quranic Exegetes in Historical Narratives: A Comparative Interpretive Study of Examples from Imami and Sunni Exegetes

Abstract

This research deals with the al-manhaj al-Uqli in the interpretation of the historical stories contained in the Holy Qur'an, through the study of exegetical models by a number of Imami scholars and Ahl al-Sunnah, and the discovery of the al-Qibaya that the commentators of the al-Uql and the al-Qar'in al-Qur'an use in understanding the meanings of the Qur'anic story and extracting the purposes. And my research begins with the explanation of the concept of reason in terms of language and terminology, then defining the meaning of the rational method in the field of interpretation, with the distinction between the evidence-based reason, which is based on certain premises, and absolute ijtihad and inference; Because the use of al-fikr in the process of interpretation does not necessarily mean that al-manhaj al-mutaba is intellectual in the conventional sense. He presents the research on the models of al-Tafsir al-Imami, including the story of Abu Lahab and his wife, the story of Dhu al-Qarnain and Banaa al-Sad, the story of Pharaoh's wife, the story of Yusuf and Al-Aziz's wife, the story of Balqis, the story of Talut and Jalut, and then moves on to the models of my al-Tafsir al-Sunni, including the story of the Companions of the Sabbath, the story of Luqman, the story of Ismail, the story of the Companions of Al-Hijr, the story of the Companions of Ayeka, the story of Hud and the people of Ad. The study has shown that the mind in these models does not work separately from the text, but interacts with it in the light of the language, context, clues, and narration, and that the differences between the commentators are more apparent in the type of clues they rely on and the extent of expanding the scope of reason in the interpretation of events and events. As you can see, the Qur'anic stories are not presented as isolated historical material, but they are used to establish arguments, establish monotheism, correct behavior, and express the traditions of God in societies. The research concludes that the disciplined rational method adds to the interpretation the ability to reveal the meanings and purposes, provided that it does not turn into the imposition of the text, it is not possible, and that the definitive rational clues remain consistent with the evidence of the Qur'an and its authenticity.