constructing a spatial model to propose a new routes in Duhok Governorate

Abstract

The transport road network is a vital and fundamental service in economic and social activities; thus, it is considered the backbone of urban life and the economic dimension within any geographical region. Furthermore, the road network serves as the primary indicator of the level of civilizational and economic development in an area. Therefore, proposing new routes and upgrading existing ones in the transport sector is a crucial step within the framework of spatial planning.

This study aims to achieve spatial balance and identify suitable sites in Duhok Governorate for proposing new roads and developing existing ones within the transport network. This was achieved by constructing a "Spatial Suitability Model" using ArcGIS Pro, based on a set of natural and human factors. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed to determine the weights of these factors. Based on the identified suitable locations, the study utilized the "Least Cost Path" model to propose a set of new roads and develop sections of existing ones to reduce travel time and costs.

To achieve the research objectives, address problems, and test hypotheses, a spatial and statistical analysis approach was adopted within a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. The study model demonstrated the necessity of adding approximately 138.7 km of new roads to the network, alongside the restoration and development of about 492.2 km of existing roads. Consequently, the proposal of 22 new and upgraded roads of various types across different areas—including the construction of 6 tunnels—would create a comprehensive balance in the governorate’s road network.