Appearance even the appearance of Islam

Abstract

This study aims to provide a comprehensive scientific treatment of the life of the Sa'alik (brigands) in the Arabian Peninsula before Islam by analyzing its various aspects and uncovering its social, economic, and political dimensions, relying on reliable historical and literary sources, particularly books of literature and poetry. The study demonstrated that the phenomenon of Sa'laka (brigandage) was closely linked to the reality of rebellion that prevailed in pre-Islamic Arab society as a result of the intertwining of multiple factors, most notably economic disparity, tribal restrictions, and harsh climatic conditions. This phenomenon manifested in the departure of a group of individuals from tribal norms, forming groups that practiced looting and plundering, which posed a direct threat to economic security, especially regarding trade caravans, in addition to their spread across desert, mountain, and rural environments.

          With the advent of Islam, this group underwent fundamental transformations in its behavior and social function. The Islamic call during its Meccan phase worked on reforming their behavior by calling for the rejection of violence and aggression and establishing moral values, coupled with warnings about the religious consequences of continuing such practices. In the Medinan phase, the establishment of the Islamic state contributed to reintegrating this group into the social structure by establishing an integrated system of rights and duties, promoting the principle of equality, and laying the foundations of Islamic brotherhood, alongside addressing economic imbalances through the institutions of Zakat, charities, and spoils of war.

As a result of the research, we found that the word “Salik” does not have only one meaning, but has several different meanings, such as gangsters, obstacles, thieves, poor and rebellious.

There were several important reasons for the appearance of the Sa'aliks, but the most important was economic, because they were poor, on the other hand, were expelled by their tribes.