Political Systems in Post-Conflict States: An Assessment of the Power-Sharing Model in Iraq and Lebanon

Abstract

        This study aims to analyze and assess the power-sharing model as a political option in post-conflict states, focusing on Iraq and Lebanon as prominent cases within the Arab world. The research addresses a central question regarding the extent to which the power-sharing model has succeeded in achieving political stability, building effective state institutions, and ensuring fair participation of various social and sectarian groups in both countries.

The study adopts a comparative analytical approach to examine the historical and political contexts that led to the adoption of power-sharing in Iraq after 2003 and in Lebanon following the Taif Agreement of 1989. The evaluation of political performance relies on clear criteria, including political stability, political participation, institutional effectiveness, levels of corruption and clientelism, and the representation of social components.

The findings reveal that the power-sharing model has relatively contributed to achieving temporary stability in Iraq and Lebanon; however, it has also entrenched sectarian divisions and sub-national identities, paralyzed state institutions, and weakened institutional efficiency. The comparative analysis highlights significant differences between the Iraqi and Lebanese cases concerning constitutional structures, executive arrangements, and the influence of regional and international interventions.

The study concludes with the necessity to reconsider the power-sharing model as a temporary rather than permanent solution and to move towards building a civic state based on citizenship and inclusive political participation. The research also provides practical recommendations, including comprehensive constitutional reforms, combating corruption and clientelism, promoting an inclusive national identity, and reducing external influence on national decision-making. These steps are essential to achieving sustainable political stability and genuine development that reinforces societal unity in Iraq and Lebanon.