Relational Thinking and Its Relationship with the (CANOE) Model among High School Students

Abstract

"The current research aims to study the level of relational thinking and the Big Five personality traits among middle school students, focusing on gender differences and academic specialties and their impact on these variables. The sample consisted of 400 students, and two tools were used: the Relational Thinking Test and the Big Five Personality Traits Checklist, with their psychometric properties verified. The results showed that students have a high level of formal thinking, with males outperforming females, and students in scientific majors outperforming their peers in literary majors. Additionally, the results indicated a high level of neuroticism, while extraversion and agreeableness were low. The relationship between relational thinking and the Big Five traits was weak, with neuroticism and conscientiousness contributing to formal thinking.The researcher provided recommendations to improve student levels, including: introducing educational programs focusing on developing relational thinking skills, especially in literary branches; providing psychological support services to alleviate feelings of anxiety and anger, thereby enhancing critical thinking; designing educational strategies that consider gender differences in thinking and logical skills; and training teachers in effective teaching methods to promote relational thinking among students.As for suggestions, conducting new studies using the same variables of this study on different samples, such as those with special needs and orphans, and implementing other studies exploring the relationship between one of the research variables and additional variables, such as existential anxiety, meaning in life, cultural alienation, and existential presence."