Political Life in the Mountainous Region During the Reign of Sultan Tughril III (571-590 AH / 1175-1194 AD)

Abstract

This study deals with the mountainous region's political history during Sultan Tughrul III's reign. This region had great importance in Islamic history on the one hand, as it was the point of contact between the West and the Islamic East, and on the other hand, it had political, economic, and civilizational importance.

During the Seljuk period (429-590 AH/1037-1194 AD) the mountainous region had several important cities such as Isfahan, Hamadan, Ray, Dinavar, Qazvin, Qarmisin, Nahavand, Qom, Zanjan and Helwan Ray was the capital of the Seljuk Empire of Taghr I (429-455 AH/1037-1063 AD), Isfahan was the capital of Sultan Alb Arslan, and Hamadan was the capital of Sultan Taghr III.

The history of the Seljuks (429-552 AH/1037-1157 AD) was characterized by many political, military and civil activities and the periods of these activities varied from one period to another During this period, the Seljuk state had reached the peak of political, economic and intellectual progress, but after the death of the Sultan (Malikshahi 485 AH/1092 AD), the Seljuk state was heading towards weakness, division and destruction During this period, there was competition and division among the Seljuk rulers, and many areas of their power were lost They were the Atabaks who were responsible for the upbringing of the Sultans and their sons, and some of them took this position from the military leaders For example, the Atabeki of Mosul (521-630 AH/1127-1232 AD) was ruled by Imaddin Zangi and his sons, as well as the Atabeki of Ildkiz (571 AH/117) in Azerbaijan and Aran, as well as the Atabeki of Hedi He gradually conquered the mountainous region until they were able to rule in the name of the Seljuks.

The research consists of three chapters in addition to the introduction and the most important findings. The first chapter deals with the beginning of the political life of the Sultan (Togrul III). The second chapter dealt with the political relations between (Togrul III) and the Abbasid caliphate. The third and final chapter dealt with the wars of the Sultan. (Togrul) as well as the fall of the Seljuk state in the mountains.

Among the most important sources that we relied on in writing this research are the book of the historian (Al-Bandari) entitled (History of the Seljuk State), and the book (Rahat Al-Sadour and Ayat Al-Surour) by its author. (Al-Rwandi), and the book (Butter of Dates) by the author (Al-Husseini), and some other sources and references related to the subject