The Impact of Internal Cohesion on the Performance of the Political System in the Kurdistan Region - Iraq

Abstract

The performance of the political system receives considerable attention at various levels due to its implications for internal cohesion, particularly in divided and heterogeneous societies undergoing political, ideological, and social transitions. These societies often suffer from the legacy of previous political systems that weakened national unity and social integration, undermined political stability, and impacted the ruling elites' vision for delivering services to citizens. The limitations imposed by the implementation process, resulting from the interaction between the internal and external environments, further contribute to this. The existence and effectiveness of the political system are demonstrated through public satisfaction, acceptance, and legitimacy, which are contingent upon the adoption of policies and the delivery of the best possible performance among several available options for addressing societal problems. This study focuses on the relationship between the level of internal political and social cohesion and the performance of the political system in the Kurdistan Region. It is based on the premise that increased internal cohesion leads to improved efficiency and the political system's capacity for stability and crisis management. The study employs a descriptive-analytical approach to analyses factors influencing internal cohesion, such as partisan divisions, the relationship with the federal government, and economic conditions. The study's significance lies in demonstrating the role of internal cohesion as a key factor in stabilizing the political system in the Kurdistan Region and improving its performance amidst the divisions and challenges it faces. Ultimately, the study concluded that weak internal cohesion, resulting from the dominance of political parties and multiple loyalties, coupled with economic crises and unequal wealth distribution, has led to a decline in the performance of regional institutions and a weakening of trust between citizens and the authorities. Conversely, the study revealed that political participation, social justice, political stability, transparency and supremacy of the rule of law are essential elements for strengthening internal cohesion and improving the performance of the political system. This makes consolidating national unity and institutional cooperation a prerequisite for the region's stability and its political future.