The obstacles of Arabes tribes nigration to the Iraq provinces between the 4th century A.H/ 10th A.D and the end of the Abassid age

Abstract

This study provides an analytical examination of the political and cultural obstacles that prevented the tribes adjacent to the Iraqi province from establishing stable political entities or imposing full control over the region from the 4th century A.H. until the end of the Abbasid era. Despite favorable historical opportunities during periods of central weakness and regional power struggles between the Buyids and Seljuks, the research argues that a lack of political consciousness among these tribes (such as the Banu Mazyad, Khafaja, and Uqaylids) was the primary impediment. This lack of strategic vision rendered them tools for the central authorities in Baghdad to exploit against one another. Furthermore, the study highlights the role of the Abbasid moral hegemony and the promotion of the "sanctity of the Caliphate" in undermining the political ambitions of these tribes. Additionally, the cultural and social disparities between the migratory nomadic lifestyle and the settled Iraqi urban population hindered social integration. The study concludes that these factors, combined with the superior organization of eastern powers, resulted in the failure of the tribes to fill the political vacuum in Iraq, ultimately leaving the stage open for foreign dominance leading up to the Mongol invasion and the fall of Baghdad in 656 A.H.