The evolution of the Monroe Doctrine in American foreign policy: from defense to hegemony (an analytical study)

Abstract

This research traces the development of the Monroe Doctrine in American foreign policy, which was launched in 1823, to emphasize the protection of the two American continents in the western hemisphere against any new European invasion or colonization, passing through the Roosevelt Addendum, which developed and activated this doctrine, and which gave the United States the right to intervene in Central and South American countries to protect its interests there, and then reaching the Trump Addendum, or what became known as the “Donroe Doctrine,” during the era of US President Donald Trump. The research concluded that the Monroe Doctrine has evolved from being a policy of defense to then transforming into a policy of “offensive hegemony” towards South America.