The influence of the Crusaders on the Levant in Religious and Social Fields (490 -671 AD/1096-1291 AD)

Abstract

The Crusades were the slogan of the military attacks that Christian Europeans launched against Muslims in the East (Egypt, Syria, Palestine, ...) in the Middle Ages at the instigation of Pope Urban II between the years (671-476 AD / 1096-1291 AD). It lasted 200) years, and historians generally identify them with eight main attacks, the main motivation being religious.

In general, the crusades were carried out on the orders of the pope and Christian clerics, and the slogans were religious, such as the symbol of the cross They belonged to the church, to the hospital of St. John the Baptist, and to the cavalry of Tithon.

    Initially, the Crusaders succeeded in their attacks and established several cities and regions, and established several Crusaders such as Bet al-Fit, Tripoli, Antakya and Ruha. They liberated most of the areas from the Crusaders, including Jerusalem, in 1291 AD during the reign of the MamluksSave 'Akka from their hands.

      The Crusades caused great loss of life and property, a large number of Christians and Muslims were killed and injured, many mosques and religious centers were destroyed and turned into churches and temples, Muslims were oppressed and displaced from their areas.

      There were not all wars, but also agreements and ceasefires between them, such as the time of Saladin and Richard, King Kamil and Emperor Frederick II, etc., there was cultural and civilizational exchange.