Spatial Variation of Natural Elements (Climate Factors) and Their Impact on Cultivated Area and Winter Crop Production in Kalar District

Abstract

Climate change is a significant global issue that has a direct impact on human life. This research examines the effects of climatic factors on cultivated area and winter crop production in Kalar District. The importance of this research lies in revealing the impact of climatic factors on the area and volume of winter crop production. The study area is rich in fertile plains and extensive agricultural land. The findings of this research can assist farmers and agricultural sector managers in the study area to improve production strategies and resource management.

The research problem is that climatic factors have an impact on cultivated area and winter crop production in Kalar District. An analytical and comparative methodology has been employed among different areas within the study region. The objective of this research is to determine the impact of various climatic factors on cultivated area and winter crop production in Kalar District. The research is divided into several sections. The first section examines the impact of temperature, rainfall, humidity ratio, and wind on winter production in the study area. The second and third sections examine the spatial variation in agricultural land use and winter production in the study area for the years (2013-2023).

The research results show that there is a very strong positive direct relationship between climatic factors and the area and volume of winter crop production. The cultivated winter area in 2013 reached (98,435) dunams, with production volume reaching (59,885.4) tons, while annual rainfall was only (235.34) mm. For the comparison year (2023), cultivated area increased to reach (109,100) dunams. Production volume also reached (76,349) tons. For the comparison year (2023), rainfall increased to reach (382.4) mm, meaning that climatic factors have played a central role in cultivated area and production volume in the study area.