Biological and chemical warfare crimes in international law and Islamic law

Abstract

This research examines biological and chemical warfare crimes under international law and Islamic law, reviewing the legal and Sharia aspects related to these crimes and their humanitarian and environmental impacts. Despite the existence of numerous international treaties, such as the Geneva Conventions and the Chemical and Biological Weapons Protocol, that prohibit the use of these weapons, their use in some armed conflicts continues to pose a persistent threat to world peace. The research aims to analyze how these crimes are addressed within the framework of international law, focusing on the challenges related to the implementation of international treaties and the enforcement of sanctions against states and individuals involved in their use.

The research also examines the legal position on these crimes according to Islamic law, which emphasizes the need to respect and protect human life even in times of war, warning against the use of weapons that cause mass destruction. By comparing the two legal systems, the research highlights the similarities and differences between international law and Islamic law in dealing with these crimes.

In light of this, the research presents recommendations for strengthening mechanisms for implementing international treaties and increasing cooperation between international law and Islamic law to combat these crimes, emphasizing the importance of enhancing international cooperation in prosecuting perpetrators of biological and chemical warfare crimes. The study also recommends developing global awareness programs and providing support for international investigation and prosecution mechanisms to ensure justice and the protection of human rights in armed conflicts.