Mechanisms and Methods of Public Oversight over the Performance of Administrative and Political Institutions in the Legal Systems of Iraq and Algeria and Their Impact on Governance Styles

Abstract

Public oversight is a crucial pillar in the construction of modern legal and administrative systems, given its role in enhancing individual participation in monitoring the performance of public institutions and evaluating their work against principles of legitimacy, transparency, and accountability. Amidst the political and administrative transformations witnessed by nations—and the challenges regarding public management efficiency and institutional responsiveness to societal needs—activating such oversight has become increasingly essential. From this perspective, it is vital to examine the mechanisms and tools adopted by the Iraqi and Algerian legal systems to regulate the role of civil society in monitoring administrative and political institutions, and to assess their effectiveness in shaping governance practices and meeting the requirements of good governance. Effective public oversight does more than merely expose institutional shortcomings; it strengthens the relationship between authority and society while fostering values ​​of participation and public responsibility. Consequently, this study addresses the central question: What are the mechanisms and methods of public oversight regarding the performance of administrative and political institutions in the Iraqi and Algerian legal systems, and how do they influence governance styles? The key findings indicate that both Iraq and Algeria recognize the importance of public oversight as a means to achieve administrative and political legitimacy; however, they differ in how this oversight is organized and in the extent of its direct impact on guiding the performance of public

 institutions