Legislative Policy on Combating the Crime of Incitement Against State Security in Iraqi and Egyptian Law

Abstract

This study focuses on the legislative policy for combating criminalized acts of incitement against state security under the national legislation of Iraq and Egypt. The necessity of this study is demonstrated by highlighting how the legislators in both countries reconcile the need for proactive criminal intervention—to counter hate speech, sedition, and terrorist activities—with the obligation to safeguard criminal legality and freedom of expression guarantees. The research adopted a descriptive analytical and comparative approach. It yielded several key findings, most notably that legislators in both nations have equated the inciter with the primary offender in terrorist crimes. The study recommends tightening the standards for digital judicial law enforcement to prevent confusion between legitimate free speech and illegal conduct.