Legal and procedural mechanisms of constitutional justice in promoting the rights and freedoms of citizens in Iraq, Egypt, and Lebanon

Abstract

This research examines the legal and procedural mechanisms of constitutional judiciary in promoting the rights and freedoms of citizens in Iraq, Egypt, and Lebanon, through a comparative study of the constitutional experiences in these countries. The research proceeds from the premise that the constitution is the supreme document that guarantees human rights and defines the powers of the state, and that the constitutional judiciary represents the instrument that guarantees respect for these rights by monitoring the constitutionality of laws. The research addresses the means of monitoring the constitutionality of laws in Iraq through the Federal Supreme Court, in Egypt through the Supreme Constitutional Court, and in Lebanon through the Constitutional Council. It outlines the methods for initiating constitutional proceedings and the working mechanisms of each system, highlighting the role of these institutions in protecting fundamental rights and safeguarding public freedoms.

In a modern state, the constitution is the fundamental document that regulates the exercise of power and guarantees public rights and freedoms. It reflects the will of the people and forms the basis from which all state institutions derive their legitimacy. Constitutional courts are essential for upholding the constitution, as they review laws to ensure their conformity with it, thus helping to achieve a balance of power and protect the principle of legality.