Kurdology between Tsarist and Soviet Russian Ideology

Abstract

This study examines Kurdish studies (Kurdology) through the lens of two distinct ideologies across two separate eras. The Tsarist and Soviet states represent two distinct political and social phases; this distinction is reflected in all aspects of life, both material and moral, where ideas and knowledge were significantly influenced by these political shifts. Clearly, both Tsarist Russia and the Soviet Union placed great importance on Kurdish studies. Consequently, it is essential to elucidate the distinctions and characteristics of Kurdology between these two periods. To this end, specific Kurdologists have been selected to represent these two ideologies, as their perspectives are intrinsically linked to the economic, social, and political realities of their times. In other words, ideas and knowledge generally mirror a context shaped by the dominance of a specific ideology. The methodology of this research employs discourse analysis and a comparison of Kurdish discourse across these two distinct political and epistemological systems. The results reveal that the ideologies of both the semi-capitalist Tsarist regime and the Marxist socialist Soviet Union played a significant role in shaping knowledge and sciences; naturally, Kurdish studies were not exempt from this influence. In conclusion, while this study does not undermine the significance of Russian and Soviet Kurdologists, it questions the ideological dimensions behind the discourse of Kurdology—often presented under the guise of scientific impartiality—and fosters a critical perspective on the image imposed upon Kurds as established scientific fact.