The Role of the People in Achieving Sovereignty and Political Stability in the Islamic System of Governance from the Perspective of the Holy Qur’an and the Noble Prophetic Sunnah

Abstract

This study examines the role of the people in sovereignty and the stability of Islamic governance while distinguishing between legitimacy derived from divine authority and popular acceptance required for the social realization and practical continuity of government. The study aims to analyze the forms of public participation in establishing government and supporting governance, and to clarify the functions of allegiance (bay'ah), consultation (shura), and obedience within what is right in regulating the relationship between the people and the ruler. The main question is: What role do the people play in establishing Islamic government and supporting its sovereignty and stability in the light of the Qur'an and Sunnah, and how are allegiance, consultation, and lawful obedience situated within the relationship between legitimacy and popular acceptance? The research uses a descriptive-analytical method based on library study and the examination of Qur'anic verses, narrations, exegetical texts, and relevant juristic discussions. The findings show that the people do not create the divine legitimacy of rule, but they are an effective element in the realization and stabilization of government. Allegiance expresses public acceptance and social commitment; consultation provides a channel for the participation of people of opinion and expertise and restrains political arbitrariness; and obedience within what is right protects public order while preserving the duty of advice and oversight. Accordingly, the stability of Islamic governance depends on the integration of the authority of Sharia with the conscious and responsible presence of the community within the limits of justice and what is right. The discussion is organized into four sections addressing the establishment of Islamic government, allegiance, consultation, and obedience within what is right. It emphasizes competence and trustworthiness in selecting officials, consent and reciprocal rights in allegiance, and consultation in administration and implementation without altering definitive religious rulings. It recommends strengthening institutional consultation, advice, and community oversight while clarifying the limits of political obedience to preserve public order and prevent the justification of injustice or despotism.