The Historical Roots of Armenians and the Role of Their Church in Preserving Their National Identity in Iraq

Abstract

This study examines the historical roots of Armenians in Iraq and the role of the Armenian Church in preserving their religious and national identity. It traces the development of their presence from ancient times to the modern era, particularly in the aftermath of the forced migration waves following 1915. The study is situated within the broader political and social transformations that shaped the historical structure of the Armenian community in Iraq.

The research adopts a historical-analytical approach, drawing on historical sources and scholarly references to analyze the evolution of the Armenian presence in Iraq across its various stages, beginning with early relations with the civilizations of Mesopotamia, passing through successive migration waves, and culminating in the phase of social reorganization and resettlement after the First World War. It also focuses on examining the structure of the Armenian Church, its role in managing communal affairs, and its contributions to the educational sphere.

The study concludes that the deep historical roots of Armenians in Iraq, along with the active institutional role of the Church, have jointly contributed to the consolidation and preservation of national identity through safeguarding language and heritage, and organizing social and educational life, thereby enabling the Armenian community to endure and adapt within Iraqi society.

Furthermore, the study provides an analytical framework for understanding the factors that reinforced the Armenian presence in Iraq, which stem from the depth of their historical roots and the continuity of migration waves—particularly the major wave of 1918—as well as their ability to adapt to transformations. It also highlights the pivotal role of the Armenian Church in preserving national identity through organization, safeguarding language and heritage, and promoting education and social cohesion .