The Functional Efficiency of Basic Education Schools in Duhok City for the Year ( 2025) (A Geographical Analysis)

Abstract

 Educational services hold great importance in any society and are a fundamental and key factor for future changes from regression to progress. This is especially true for basic educational services, as it is a sensitive stage and the root of science and knowledge for building every individual in society. If the performance of these services is at the required level, it will produce an individual who is compatible with the labor market and the modern world, and who will be the cause of continuous social development in economic, social, and intellectual aspects. The importance of the topic lies in identifying the positive and negative points in the performance of primary schools in the city in general for the relevant authorities. This is with the aim of evaluating the elements of primary education, comparing the performance capacity of schools with planning standards, and identifying problems and influencing factors such as the large number of students, the shortage of service and administrative staff compared to the number of schools and students, and the shortage of school buildings. The problem lies in the imbalance in the interconnection and functioning of the elements of the primary education sector, which has caused the performance capacity of the schools to not be at the required level. In order to address the research problem and arrive at the necessary conclusions, reliance has been placed on the inductive methodology, the descriptive-analytical approach, and statistical methods. The research consists of three main sections: the first section is dedicated to defining concepts, terminology, and standards. The second and third sections cover the practical application of performance capacity standards to the schools and students. The most significant findings that became apparent to us are a notable imbalance between the number of students and teaching staff, as well as a shortage in the ratio of administrative and service personnel, and a scarcity of school buildings compared to the number of schools. The city of Duhok needs approximately 80 school buildings for the educational process to proceed in a sound manner.