The Reflections of the Constitution of Medina on the Formation of the Gülhane Edict in the Successful Administration of Diversity and Pluralism: An Analytical Study

Abstract

Abstract : The two researchers examine the impact of one of the most important documents related to religious freedom and peaceful coexistence—the Constitution of Medina—highlighting the uniqueness of the Islamic experience in dealing with diversity and pluralism. The Constitution of Medina was the first Prophetic document in this regard; it laid the foundations of the first Islamic state and served as its constitutional framework in dealing with various components. Owing to its significance in Islamic experience, it influenced multiple Islamic models that emerged after the era of the Prophet Muhammad (Allah's blessings and peace be upon him), beginning with the Rightly Guided Caliphate and extending to the Ottoman experience. Accordingly, the study discusses the importance of the Constitution of Medina and examines the extent of its reflection in the formation of the Gülhane Edict (Hatt-ı Şerif of Gülhane) during the Ottoman period, thereby demonstrating Muslim leadership and pioneering contributions in managing diversity and pluralism throughout history This research employs an inductive-analytical approach, tracing, collecting, reading, and analyzing relevant vocabulary and information to achieve its intended purpose. The research is structured into an introduction, three main sections, and a conclusion. The first section sheds light on the historical origins of the Medina Charter, its text, authenticity, and the principles of successful management of diversity and pluralism as presented within it. The second section examines the historical origins of the Gülhane Decree during the Ottoman era, clarifying its articles and provisions.