Marginalization in the Novel (Gehnom) by (Bilind Mohammed(

Abstract

Marginalization, within the framework of socio-political theories, is viewed as a complex and multifaceted process involving the systematic deprivation of individuals and groups from centers of decision-making and power within society. This phenomenon manifests in various interconnected forms, such as social and economic marginalization, entailing the denial of wealth, life opportunities, and justice. The primary objective of this study is to define the concept, causes, and types of marginalization, and to apply these theoretical frameworks to the novel (Gehnom) by (Bilind Mohammed). It is noteworthy that external factors, such as the injustice of authority and social norms, alongside internal factors like psychological and physical conditions, contribute to the creation of a marginalized and isolated individual within society. This study, which is an excerpt from a doctoral dissertation titled (The Marginalized Human in the Kurdish Novel in the Badinan Region after 2003), aims to highlight the types of marginalization embodied in the aforementioned novel. The research addresses the question: Is marginalization solely related to aspects of political authority, or does society also play a significant and primary role in marginalization? The study concludes that marginalization in this novel is not exclusively linked to authority; rather, society plays a pivotal role in perpetuating exclusion and devaluing human principles. Furthermore, the physical disability of the protagonist symbolizes the marginalization and neglect of this forgotten segment within society.