Effect of ISIS Control of Shingal 2014

Abstract

     The Islamic State is one of the extremist organizations that emerged after the fall of the Ba'ath regime in 2003. Initially was called Tawhid Al-Jihad (Unity and Jihad), it fought against the American invasion. Then it went through several phases, each with its own distinct name, such as (al-Qaeda in Iraq), the Mujahideen Shura Council, and the Islamic State of Iraq). Following the Arab Spring revolutions, particularly the events in Syria, in 2013 the Islamic State merged with (Jabhat Al-Nusra) and changed its name into the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), also known as (Daesh). This group became one of the most powerful extremist factions, seizing control of numerous areas by exploiting regional conflicts. In Iraq, it capitalized on protests by the Sunni population in predominantly Sunni areas. In June 2014, it attacked and captured Mosul, subsequently changing its name from the Islamic State into the (Islamic Caliphate). It intensified its attacks on Baghdad, but unexpectedly, in August of the same year in 2014, it attacked and seized control of the disputed areas of Sinjar. The occupation of Sinjar by ISIS had a major impact on the political and demographic aspects of the mentioned region. As a result, many groups and military forces were formed, and a large number of the areas residents were killed and arrested. In addition to this, many people from the Sinjar areas were displaced to various regions in Iraq and the Kurdistan Region.