قضية الصدق والكذب بين النقاد القدماء وبعض الفلاسفة

الملخص

The research "Truth and Lie among Critics and Philosophers" deals with a controversial issue in ancient literary criticism, which is the issue of truth and falsehood in poetry. Poetry is considered the first art of the Arabs, so the issue of truth and falsehood was the focus of critics and philosophers, as their opinions were divided on the extent of the poet's commitment to truthfulness or creativity in imagination and exaggeration. In criticism, some see truthfulness in poetry as expressing emotions honestly and without exaggeration, while artistic lying is considered exaggeration and exaggeration that does not reflect reality. On this basis, Arab critics differed between those who see the poet's commitment to truthfulness and those who believe that poetic beauty lies in his imagination and ability to imagine. Arab critics were divided into two teams: The first team believes that "the best poetry is the most truthful", such as Al-Jahiz and Ibn Tabataba, who believed that the poet should reflect reality honestly, without resorting to unrealistic exaggerations. The second group adopts the saying "The sweetest poetry is the most false", such as Qudamah ibn Ja'far and al-Suli, as they considered that creative poetry is that which expands with imagination and fantasy, even if it is not accurate or honest. While the position of the philosophers Arab philosophers, such as al-Farabi and Ibn Sina, were influenced by Greek philosophy, especially the ideas of Plato and Aristotle on poetry. Al-Farabi considered poetry to be "false" by nature because it relies on imagination and imitation, and this falsehood is not a defect but rather an essential element in poetry. Ibn Sina shared this view with al-Farabi, indicating that the effect of poetry on the soul is more important than its commitment to honesty, as poetry addresses emotion and imagination, not reason.