Muhammed Baqir AL Hilli His Life,Political Role and Parliament Activities 1894-1951

Abstract

Muhammad Baqir al-Hilli is considered one of the most important political, literary, and intellectual figures in Iraq due to his prominent role in the country's modern history, making it essential to delve into this personality and examine that role. He played a significant political and national part in confronting the British occupation of Iraq starting in 1914. He joined political parties in the city of Najaf al-Ashraf, which participated in the events of the Najaf Revolution of 1918, in which Muhammad Baqir al-Hilli took part. He continued his political role alongside the virtuous elite of the national movement in the country, culminating their efforts in the declaration of the Great Iraqi Revolution of 1920, which forced Britain to change its policies in Iraq. The efforts of Iraqi politicians were crowned with the declaration of the Iraqi state on August 23, 1921. Muhammad Baqir al-Hilli continued to oppose British policy in Iraq, taking a stance of rejection towards Iraqi-British treaties, including the treaties of 1922 and 1930, as they did not achieve complete independence for Iraq.

· The political role of Muhammad Baqir al-Hilli in the country continued through his affiliation with several national political parties, including the National Brotherhood Party (Hizb al-Ikha al-Watani), the Liberal Party (Hizb al-Ahrar), and the Socialist Nation Party (Hizb al-Ummah al-Ishtiraki). He also joined the Association for the Defense of Palestine to support the Palestinian cause.

· Muhammad Baqir al-Hilli joined several social, intellectual, scientific, and charitable associations in the country to defend the rights of all citizens, protect their rights, and elevate their affairs in all fields.

· Muhammad Baqir al-Hilli is regarded as one of Iraq's most prominent poets of the twentieth century, having composed numerous political poems advocating for the nation's causes, in addition to publishing a poetry collection (diwan).

· In the realm of his parliamentary activity, Muhammad Baqir al-Hilli called for attention to be paid to the Iraqi parliamentary experiment, its improvement, and the adoption of modern democratic standards and methods. Politically, he demanded that the military institution refrain from interfering in the country's political events to ensure the stability of the internal political situation, emphasizing the importance of adhering to the Iraqi constitution in all matters of the state.

· In the administrative and social spheres, Muhammad Baqir al-Hilli concerned himself with the affairs of Iraqi employees, emphasizing the appreciation of their administrative efforts, increasing their salaries, and rewarding the distinguished among them, while also calling for holding negligent employees accountable. He also directed his attention to the judiciary and the press in the country, to promote justice and equality among citizens, and to care for their health by enhancing the status of doctors in society, whose profession, tied directly to human life, requires precision.

· In the economic field, Muhammad Baqir al-Hilli, through his parliamentary proposals, drew the Iraqi government's attention to the economic crisis in the country following World War II and its worsening over time. He demanded the provision of essential foodstuffs, commodities, and goods directly related to citizens' livelihoods, and an increase in salaries to match rising prices. He stressed the need to hold economic conferences and seminars with specialists and state officials to find appropriate solutions to the economic crisis, and emphasized the establishment of an Iraqi "Ministry of Supply" to undertake, through government efforts, addressing the crisis in the country.