The Evolution of the Political Ideology of the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP), 1946–2023: An Analytical Historical Study

Abstract

This study examines the evolution of the political ideology of the Kurdistan Democratic Party from its founding in 1946 to 2023, as one of the most influential actors in Kurdish and Iraqi political life. It aims to analyze the intellectual and organizational transformations the party has undergone in response to historical and political changes, beginning with its establishment during the rise of the Kurdish national movement led by Mustafa Barzani, through periods of conflict with successive Iraqi governments, and culminating in the post-2003 phase marked by active participation in Iraq’s new political system.

The study adopts a historical-analytical approach by examining party documents and political discourse within their temporal context, in order to reveal the nature of ideological shifts. These shifts include the transition from a primarily nationalist liberation framework to more pragmatic approaches that combine national aspirations with engagement in democratic and political processes. The study also highlights the impact of regional and international factors in reshaping the party’s discourse, particularly regarding concepts such as autonomy, federalism, and statehood.