Tribe and Economic Conflict as a Factor of Historical Movement in Martin van Bruinessen's Perspective: It is an analytical study

Abstract

Martin van Bruinessen sees tribe and economic conflict as factors of social historical movement. He emphasizes that tribe and economic conflict have had a profound impact on Kurdish society and have caused history to build events upon this foundation. This understanding has impacted a wide world among scholars. Some of them have similar understanding to Bruinessen's at different historical places and stages. However, this is so comprehensive in van Bruinessen's view that he has covered the historical stages between the history of Kurdish principalities during the Islamic Caliphate era and Kurdish principalities in the modern and contemporary history. In these stages, the tribe as a motive for historical events and developments has great importance and value in the philosophy of history. Similarly, economic factors as supporters behind the events of Kurdish history have the same value in the thought of historical philosophy; especially if an objective comparison is made among scholars. Van Bruinessen emphasizes the significance of tribe and economic conflict in shaping historical movements. These conflicts, which create social tensions and political instability and population movements, push people toward migration, occupation, or participation in various movements for the sake of gaining interests and survival in life. Van Bruinessen's perspective reveals the role of tribe and economic conflict in changes and social historical movements.