Criminal liability arising from the illegal use of artificial intelligence in Iraq and Jordan

Abstract

Using a descriptive and analytical approach, the study explores the criminal liability arising from the unlawful use of artificial intelligence. It addresses the concept of criminal liability, explaining its connection to the individual's obligation to bear the legal consequences of their actions that violate rules and regulations. It also explains that liability may be merely an incident (potential liability) or a result of an actual act (actual liability). It notes that the laws of Iraq and Jordan do not explicitly define criminal liability, leaving it to the discretion of the judiciary, with the exception of individuals who lack consciousness or willpower, such as the insane and minors. Furthermore, the study defines the unlawful use of artificial intelligence as the use of intelligent systems in activities that violate the law and ethical values, such as cybercrimes, the dissemination of fake news, and financial exploitation. The study highlights the seriousness of this unlawful use, particularly in Iraq and Jordan, where these practices pose a threat to social, economic, and national security, given the absence of adequate legislation addressing this issue. The study highlights the need to develop comprehensive and flexible laws to address these challenges and raise public awareness of the risks of misusing this technology.