"The Term 'Al-Anfal' Between the Qur'anic Concept and Political Appropriation: A Critical Jurisprudential Study of the Anfal Campaigns Against the Kurdish People in Iraq"

Abstract

Certainly, here is an academic, concise abstract in five lines:

This research addresses the dual interpretation of the term "Al-Anfal" by comparing its original Qur'anic meaning with its political exploitation during the military campaigns against the Kurdish people in Iraq in the 1980s. The study clarifies that "Al-Anfal" in Islamic law refers to war spoils regulated by ethical and legal frameworks. However, the term was misused to justify operations that involved serious violations against civilians. The research exposes the contradiction between the Qur'anic concept and its unjust political appropriation. It further emphasizes the need to protect Islamic terminology from distortion and political manipulation. A number of scholars have discussed the concept of Anfal from a Qur'anic and jurisprudence perspective, which Imam al-Qurtubi has mentioned in his commentary, between the meanings of Anfal and its rules Islamic legislation, including Imam Ibn Ashur in "Liberation and Transformation" and Dr. Salim al-Kelani's study "Establishment of Religious Concepts in Contemporary Conflicts", please search among us For example, "Protection of Civilians in Islamic Law and International Law" by Dr. Fouad Al-Samadi, Principles of Protection of Civilians in Islam without a direct link to the Anfal operations This research came to address this scientific gap through the relationship between the legal definition of the concept, the analysis of political functioning, and the setting of practices in terms of rules Islamic Sharia