The influence of Tibetan Mongol beliefs on Chinese religious beliefs during the reign of the Mongol Emperor Kublai Khan (1260-1294 AD)

Abstract

The research aims to identify the religious beliefs of China, especially Buddhism, which appeared in India at the hands of Buddha and then left it to various parts of the world, including China, to interact there with "Confucianism, Taoism and other religious beliefs, and the extent of their influence and impact on the religious beliefs of the Mongols, especially (shamanism) during the reign of the Mongol Emperor Kublai Khan (659-693 AH / 1260-1294 AD)." Religious beliefs have affected the social structures and cultural diversity of human societies, especially the societies of South and Southeast Asia, so we will notice that the influence of the beliefs of the Tibetan Mongols extended to the social customs and practices in the Chinese Buddhist society as well.

During the reign of Kublai Khan, the Mongol Empire reached its greatest extent, encompassing Korea, Tibet, northern India, Iran, Asia Minor, and other regions. Cultures, religions, and beliefs were diverse in China during Kublai Khan's reign. Although he was known for his Buddhist leanings, he was broad-minded and free-thinking, far from fanaticism. This allowed for religious pluralism. Shamanism, Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam spread throughout Chinese society during his reign.

Cultures, religions, and beliefs were diverse in China during the reign of Sultan Kublai Khan. Although he was known for his Buddhist leanings, he was broad-minded and free-thinking, far removed from fanaticism. This allowed for religious pluralism. Shamanism, Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam spread throughout Chinese society during his reign.