The concept of pilgrimage in Judaism and Islam _A comparison study_

Abstract

     The phenomenon of pilgrimage in Hinduism is one of the most important religious practices, reflecting the spiritual and social dimension of the relationship between humanity and the sacred, despite differences in doctrinal backgrounds and rituals. In Hinduism, pilgrimage is known as Tirtha Yatra, meaning the journey to the sacred place. It is not an obligatory duty but rather a voluntary practice aimed at purifying the soul and obtaining forgiveness of sins. The pilgrimage sites considered sacred by Hindus include holy rivers, such as the Ganges, as well as cities like Varanasi and temples associated with various deities. Hindus believe that visiting these holy places and bathing in their waters contributes to liberating the soul from the cycle of birth and death and brings one closer to salvation (Moksha). The concept of pilgrimage in Islam differs significantly from that of Hinduism. Islam considers pilgrimage a religious obligation, unlike Hinduism, and one of the five pillars of Islam. It is obligatory for every adult, sane, and capable Muslim to perform it once in a lifetime. The pilgrimage takes place in a specific place and time: Mecca, during the month of Dhul-Hijjah. The unity of Islamic belief is evident in the unified direction of prayer and rituals, such as Ihram (the state of ritual consecration). - Circumambulating the Kaaba - Walking between Safa and Marwa - Standing at Arafat) Hajj aims to promote piety and equality among Muslims and to emphasize this monotheism.