Municipal councils in the district and districts of Aleppo in The Hamidian era (1876-1909). Historical study In light of Ottoman salamat.

Abstract

The importance of this study becomes clear through our highlighting of an important administrative aspect that played a major role in the field of renaissance and administrative reforms in the states of Bilad al-Sham during the reign of Sultan Abdul Hamid II, especially the state of Aleppo, as this state witnessed the establishment of municipal councils, most of which were opened during the reign of Sultan Abdul Hamid II. What was written about this type of study during this period was characterized by brevity and lack of focus on it by researchers and those interested in administrative affairs in the state of Aleppo during the Ottoman era in particular, and does not provide a clear and comprehensive picture of this important administrative aspect in the state, which our study will strive to clarify by relying primarily and primarily on the published Ottoman government publications represented by the almanacs of the state of Aleppo.

Finally, we can say that since Sultan Abdul Hamid II took power, he paid great attention to the administrative aspect and spread it in most of the Ottoman provinces, including the province of Aleppo, despite the problems, interventions, and political, military, and economic events that the Ottoman state was exposed to during his reign, under the conditions of international conflicts at that time, which prevented the development of municipal administration in full, which negatively affected the performance of the administrative and electoral formation of municipal councils.