The effect of the psychological dimension on the metaphorical expressions of the Kurdish language

Abstract

Emotions are the core, invisible characteristics that adorn human life. They are the foundation and framework of human experience, a response to the ignition of life's events, manifested through language or physiological expressions, because language operates according to a highly precise system, influenced by a complex set of physiological, physical, psychological, social, and natural factors. Since the beginning of existence, humanity has wanted to express and convey what is within their mind and soul - joy, sorrow, desires, wishes, and feelings - to those around them through language. Metaphor is considered one of the important techniques speakers use in this act of communication. This significance has led to the recognition of its importance and impact across various cultural fields, because humanity cannot adapt to the needs of its era using only the words found in the basic dictionary of its language. Humans use metaphor in an astonishing way to make these concepts visible and describable. That is, emotions are invisible. Metaphor acts as a tool to describe them. The relationship between metaphor and emotion is deep and fundamental. Since the function of metaphor is to better understand certain concepts and to reveal and clarify them, metaphor acts as a structure that builds the framework of our thinking about emotions. Furthermore, it is a path of communication; emotions fall into the category of the target domain because they are invisible and abstract, and they are clarified by the source domain. Thus, it becomes clear here that metaphor is an important tool for presenting our emotions. In this research, our goal is to identify the impact of psychological dimensions on metaphorical expressions in the Kurdish language. For this purpose, we have used several different examples to demonstrate this impact. We have attempted to answer several questions, such as:

1- Do words and images affect the human psyche?

2- What is the relationship between the psychological dimension and metaphor?

3- What makes metaphor important?

4- Is there a connection between the fields of psycholinguistics and metaphor?