Personal References in Kazem Anouz's Poetry: A Pragmatic Study

Abstract

Pragmatics is the study of language in its use. It considers everything surrounding it, such as the speaker, the addressee, the place and time of the conversation, those present during the discourse, and the relationship between the speaker and the addressee. This helps clarify the speaker's intentions and convey meanings to the addressee. To understand these intentions, it brings together the three parties (speaker, addressee, and addressee).

This research seeks to study personal references in Kazem Anouz's poetry from a pragmatic perspective. Pragmatically, it falls under the first category, and it focuses on the study of linguistic elements whose references are only determined within the context of the discourse. Regarding the poet's literary personality, he holds a doctorate in Arabic language and a professorial title in his specialty. The study aims to prove that these texts are suitable for study. It is characterized by a highly technical construction stemming from a structure that connects its components with multiple links, including the deictic elements that are the subject of this study, represented by various types of personal deictic elements (pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, relative pronouns, and vocatives). This is done to demonstrate:

1. The role of personal deictic elements in the coherence of discourse and text.

2. What are personal deictic elements, and what do they represent?

3. How do personal deictic elements affect the coherence of discourse and text?

4. How did personal deictic elements influence the poetry of Kazem Anouz?

Deictic elements are one of the concepts of pragmatics, which studies linguistic phenomena. They are linguistic signs that address the relationship between linguistic structure and the context in which the utterance occurs. The referent of these utterances is determined only within the context of linguistic discourse, as they are vague and do not carry meaning in themselves, despite their association with a referent. Their role in the pragmatic context is not limited to their apparent meaning, but extends beyond that to another type embedded in the deeper structure of discourse at the time of utterance, giving them a pragmatic role in the discourse strategy. The occurrence of the utterance by the speaker himself within the scope of time and place of communication and those present at the time of utterance, and the relationship of the sender to the recipient; to express the intentions of the speaker and convey the meanings to the addressee, and this is what we found embodied in most of the poetic poems contained in (Garments of Pain), a collection of poetry by the poet Dr. Kazem Anouz.