Epidemics and natural disasters in the book “Continuation of the History of Al-Mukhtasar fi Akhbar Al-Insan” by Zain Al-Din Omar bin Al-Muzaffar Ibn Al-Wardi (D. 749 AH / 1348 AD) and their economic and social effects

Abstract

Researchers and historians were interested in studying the main causes of the spread of epidemics, diseases, and natural disasters in various historical stages, the most important preventive measures taken by specialists, and the most important state measures and its position on the material and human damages resulting from them. This study was interested in shedding light on the historian Zain al-Din Omar bin al-Muzaffar Ibn al-Wardi (D. 749 AH/1348 AD) and his scientific biography and his most important works, which varied in several fields, which confirm his interest and love for science, and the reasons for his death. The research focused on studying the most important epidemics and natural disasters in the book “Continuation of the History of Al-Mukhtasar fi Akhbar Al-Bishr” by Ibn Al-Wardi, in which the book Al-Mukhtasar fi Akhbar Al-Bishr by Abi Al-Fida was summarized ( D. 732 AH / 1331 AD) and its successor from the year 729-749 AH / 1328-1348 AD. The research discussed the most important epidemics that Ibn al-Wardi mentioned in this book and their spread in a number of Islamic cities and countries and others, especially the plague epidemic from which he died. He also referred to incidents Others were a major reason for the spread of such epidemics and their impact on the country. The research also pointed to the most important natural disasters witnessed by a number of Islamic cities and their neighboring countries, such as earthquakes, torrents, rain, winds, and others, which caused great material and human losses.