The Dialectic of Samāʿ (Hearing/Audition) and Qiyās (Analogy) in the Work of Ibn Jinnī A Methodological Reading in Light of the Principles of Grammatical Theory

Abstract

This research examines the issue of samāʿ (audition/transmitted usage) and qiyās (analogy) in Al-Khaṣāʾiṣ by Abū al-Fatḥ ʿUthmān ibn Jinnī (d. 392 AH), which stands as one of the most prominent methodological issues in Arabic linguistic studies. The study aims to analyze Ibn Jinnī's conceptions of samāʿ and qiyās, elucidate the dialectical relationship between them, and explore the methodology of prioritization when they conflict, employing a comparative approach between Ibn Jinnī and other grammarians, particularly Sībawayh and Abū ʿAlī al-Fārisī. The research adopts a descriptive-analytical-comparative methodology, through the comprehensive examination of Ibn Jinnī's texts in Al-Khaṣāʾiṣ and their analysis, as well as drawing explicit methodological comparisons with the foundational principles of other grammarians.

The study yields several significant findings. First, Ibn Jinnī establishes samāʿ and qiyās as two complementary foundations in linguistic study, giving precedence to samāʿ when they conflict—a position that aligns with Sībawayh and contrasts with Abū ʿAlī al-Fārisī's tendency to prioritize qiyās Second, Ibn Jinnī classifies the speech of the Arabs into four categories in terms of its relationship to samāʿ and qiyās, a classification that represents a distinctive methodological contribution not explicitly articulated in this manner by Sībawayh. Third, the research reveals the boundaries of Ibn Jinnī's methodology in dealing with linguistic anomalies, as he acknowledges irregularity without resorting to arbitrary interpretation—an approach characterized by scholarly rigor and objectivity.

The research further recommends a comprehensive study of Ibn Jinnī's methodology in light of modern linguistic theories and the utilization of his insights in the development of contemporary linguistic studies.